Explore Library
AI FundamentalsProbability, Statistics, and Linear Algebra for AI

51 items

1

A/B Testing: Power, p-values, and CUPED

Flashcard
2

Simpson's Paradox: Aggregating Stratified Rates

Code Quiz
3

Simpson's Paradox and Confounding

Quiz
4

A/B Testing: Power, P-values, CUPED

Slides / Video
5

Confounding and Simpson's Paradox

Flashcard
6

Two-Proportion Z-Test for A/B Test

Code Quiz
7

Peeking at A/B Test Results

Quiz
8

Confidence Interval From Sample Mean

Code Quiz
9

Interpreting a 95% Confidence Interval

Quiz
10

Simpson's Paradox and Confounders

Slides / Video
11

Confidence Intervals & the Sampling Distribution

Flashcard
12

Hypothesis Testing in A/B Experiments

Flashcard
13

Distributions, Sampling & Confidence Intervals

Slides / Video
14

Hypothesis Testing & A/B Design

Slides / Video
15

Interpreting the p-value Wrong

Code Quiz
16

Interpreting P-values Correctly

Quiz
17

Buggy Standard Deviation Function

Code Quiz
18

Mean vs Median in Skewed Data

Quiz
19

P-value Significance Check Bug

Code Quiz
20

Understanding P-values and Correlation

Quiz
21

Population Variance Bug

Code Quiz
22

Mean vs Median in Skewed Data

Quiz
23

Hypothesis Testing, P-values & Causation

Slides / Video
24

P-values and Correlation vs Causation

Flashcard
25

Hypothesis Testing, p-values & Intervals

Slides / Video
26

P-values & Confidence Intervals

Flashcard
27

Extracting an Eigenvector from np.linalg.eig

Code Quiz
28

Data as Vectors and Matrices

Slides / Video
29

Gradients and Partial Derivatives

Slides / Video
30

Singular Value Decomposition Basics

Slides / Video
31

Matrix Transpose and Inverse

Slides / Video
32

Linear Independence, Span, and Basis

Slides / Video
33

Vector Norms and Distance Metrics

Slides / Video
34

Dot Product and Vector Similarity

Slides / Video
35

Matrix Multiplication in AI

Slides / Video
36

Matrices and Matrix Operations

Slides / Video
37

Vectors and Vector Operations

Slides / Video
38

Confidence Intervals

Slides / Video
39

Hypothesis Testing and p-values

Slides / Video
40

Sampling and the Central Limit Theorem

Slides / Video
41

Descriptive Statistics: Center and Spread

Slides / Video
42

Maximum Likelihood Estimation

Slides / Video
43

Joint, Marginal, Conditional Distributions

Slides / Video
44

Covariance and Correlation

Slides / Video
45

Expectation, Variance, Standard Deviation

Slides / Video
46

Bayes' Theorem in AI

Slides / Video
47

Conditional Probability and Independence

Slides / Video
48

Gaussian, Bernoulli, Binomial Distributions

Slides / Video
49

Discrete vs Continuous Distributions

Slides / Video
50

Random Variables and Distributions

Slides / Video
51

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Basics

Slides / Video
Quiz

Simpson's Paradox and Confounding

Understanding when to condition on a variable to recover the correct causal effect in observational data.

An observational study finds a new drug is associated with LOWER recovery rates overall, but WITHIN each severity group (mild vs. severe disease) the drug is associated with HIGHER recovery. Disease severity influences both whether the drug was prescribed and the outcome. To estimate the drug's true causal effect on recovery, what should you do?