Mutable Default Argument Trap

Mutable Default Arguments

Functions, Scope, Mutability & Errors

Local vs Global Scope in Functions

Type Hints for Parameters and Returns

Mutable Default Argument Pitfall

Docstrings and Function Metadata

Nested Function Definitions

Higher-Order Functions in Python

Functions as First-Class Objects

Lambda (Anonymous) Functions

Closures and Captured Variables

The nonlocal Keyword and Enclosing Scope

The global Keyword

LEGB Scope Resolution Rule

Returning Multiple Values via Tuples

Keyword-Only and Positional-Only Parameters

Argument Unpacking in Function Calls

Variadic Keyword Arguments with **kwargs

Variadic Arguments with *args

Mutable Default Argument Pitfall

Default Parameter Values

Positional and Keyword Arguments

Variable Shadowing

Pass-by-Object-Reference

Positional-Only Parameters

Passing Functions as Arguments

Default Parameter Values

Keyword-Only Arguments

LEGB Scope Resolution

The return Statement

Functions Returning None

Global Scope

Closures and Captured Variables

Recursion Basics

Nested Functions

Returning Functions from Functions

Function Annotations / Type Hints

Local Scope

Lambda Functions

The global Keyword

Keyword Arguments

Variable-Length Positional Args

Defining Functions with def

Functions as First-Class Objects

Parameters vs Arguments

Positional Arguments

The nonlocal Keyword

Variable-Length Keyword Args

Unpacking Arguments in Calls

Docstrings for Functions

Argument Ordering Rules

Arbitrary keyword args (**kwargs)

Parameters vs arguments

LEGB scope resolution rule

Built-in scope

Pass-by-object-reference

Defining functions with def

Local scope

Keyword-only arguments

Global scope

Keyword arguments

Returning multiple values

Functions as first-class objects

The global keyword

Variable shadowing

Arbitrary positional args (*args)

Functions returning None

Passing functions as arguments

Mutable default argument pitfall

Lambda functions

Enclosing scope and nested functions

Recursion basics

Positional-only parameters

Positional arguments

The nonlocal keyword

Default parameter values

Docstrings for functions

The return statement

Unpacking with * and **