Circular Imports and How to Avoid Them

Running Modules With python -m

The __pycache__ Directory and .pyc Files

Standard Library vs Third-Party vs Local

Reloading Modules With importlib.reload

Module Caching With sys.modules

The __name__ Variable and Main Idiom

Absolute vs Relative Imports

Subpackages and Dotted Module Paths

Packages and __init__.py

The Module Search Path and sys.path

Module Namespaces and Attributes

Wildcard Imports and __all__

Aliasing Imports With as

from ... import for Selective Imports

What Is a Module and Import

Relative Imports with Dots

Subpackages and Nesting

What Is a Package

Modules Run Once and Cached

The __name__ Main Idiom

Dot Notation for Members

Circular Import Problems

Bytecode Caching in __pycache__

Module Attributes __file__ and __doc__

The __all__ Variable

Role of __init__.py

Absolute Imports

The Standard Library

Reloading with importlib.reload()

Deferred and Conditional Imports

Importing a Whole Module

Third-Party Packages with pip

Inspecting Modules with dir()

What Is a Python Module

from ... import ... Statement

Importing Multiple Names

Aliasing Imports with 'as'

Wildcard Imports and Pitfalls

Namespace Packages

Module Search Path and sys.path

name and main guard

import statement basics

namespace isolation between modules

from import specific names

import as aliasing

from import star implications

accessing module attributes

module search path sys.path

module cache sys.modules

package structure init file

absolute vs relative imports

nested subpackage imports

all variable controls exports

standard library modules

third-party packages and pip

pycache and pyc files

dir function introspection

reloading modules importlib

ImportError vs ModuleNotFoundError

code runs on first import